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Qanun (law)
Qanun is an Arabic word ((アラビア語:قانون)) derived from the Greek κανών (''kanōn'', the root for the modern English word "canon").〔.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=canon&allowed_in_frame=0 )〕 It can refer to laws promulgated by Muslim sovereigns, in particular the Ottoman Sultans, in contrast to shari'a, the body of law elaborated by Muslim jurists. The 10th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Suleiman was known in the Ottoman Empire as Suleiman Kanuni ("the Lawgiver"), due to his code of laws.
After the fall of the Abbasids in 1258, a practice known to the Turks and Mongols transformed itself into Qanun, which gave power to caliphs, governors, and sultans alike to "make their own regulations for activities not addressed by the sharia."〔Berg, Herbert. "Islamic Law." Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History 3 (2005): 1030. In History Reference Center(online ). Available from Snowden Library . Retrieved February 11, 2008.〕 This became increasingly important as the Middle East started to modernize, thus running into the problems of a modern state, which were not covered by Shariah. The Qanun began to unfold as early as Umar I (586-644 CE).〔 Many of the regulations covered by Qanun were based on financial matters or tax systems adapted through the law and regulations of those territories Islam conquered.〔 Qanun in Arabic means law or rules.
==See also==
* Ottoman law
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